Religion consists of the way people deal with ultimate concerns about their lives and deaths, including whether they will end up in heaven or hell, and what is the meaning and purpose of life. It also deals with how humans should be treated. It may include beliefs and practices in a god or gods, or it can be more humanistic or naturalist. Often, it includes the practice of rituals, or it can be in the form of books considered sacred, and it may involve days, symbols, or places that are holy.
Most people in the world belong to one of many different religions. These include Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Buddhism, Rastafarianism, and others. These religions affect up to 23% of the world’s population and they influence politics in many countries. Religion appears to be a necessary part of most people’s lives, and it benefits families, communities, societies, and nations. It reduces social pathologies such as out-of-wedlock births, criminal behavior, and drug and alcohol use. It improves education, health, economic well-being, self-control, and empathy. It helps people make ethical judgments and it tries to answer questions that science cannot answer.
In the twentieth century, scholars began to drop the notion that a religion must involve belief in a specific kind of reality and instead define religion as the set of practices that unites a group of people into a moral community. This is called a functional definition of religion. It is often said that all forms of life can be classified as religions in this way, and it is true that the concept of a religion is a universal one.